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| − | When it was announced that the specifications of the Xbox were known to be very similar to an X86 PC, Xbox Linux was quickly considered as a possibility. Michael Robertson, the CEO of Lindows.com, offered [https://www.cnet.com/culture/squeeze-linux-into-xbox-win-200000/ two $100,000 prizes] with the vision of getting cheap Linux PCs into the hands of the masses. One of the prizes was for a demonstration of Linux running on an Xbox (with a $55,000 "subprize" for writing a [[Cromwell|BIOS]]) The other prize was for an exploit capable of getting Xbox Linux to run without hardware modification, ideally by using just a CD-ROM. (was this claimed? the prize deadline was extended [https://www.theregister.com/2003/01/02/xbox_linux_donor_extends_prize/ here]) The first Xbox exploits were created to make Xbox Linux possible, and were quickly repurposed by modders, while Linux remained a more niche application on the original Xbox. In the years while the Xbox was still being manufactured, it could function as a cheap daily driver Linux PC, and some users modded the controller ports into permanent USB ports. But, as with all PCs they eventually became obsolete as cheaper, smaller hardware became available with similar processing power.
| + | #REDIRECT [[Xbox Linux]] |
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| − | Today, Xbox Linux has more of a hobbyist appeal. It would be possible, though, to use it to bundle Linux setups and individual Linux applications, once the proper functionality is set up. Linux also has applications as a platform for investigating the Xbox hardware.
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| − | ==Current Xbox Linux==
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| − | The former kernels of 2.4 and 2.6 were woefully out of date. To save the day, haxar has patched a modern kernel (5.8) with everything needed to run a terminal-based instance of Xbox linux. This kernel can be used as the basis for setting up modern Xbox Linux distributions.
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| − | For a list of the current issues that are blocking functionality on Xbox Linux, see [[Xbox Linux Issues]].
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| − | For some guides and information that might help you get Xbox Linux up and running, see [[Xbox Linux Tips and Tricks]].
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| − | ==Historical Xbox Linux==
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| − | Xbox Linux reached a point of stable releases [https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6704 around 2003], and the development continued thereafter, providing support for 1.4 Xboxes and their Focus encoder chip, and even support for 1.6 Xboxes and their changes in architecture. The 2.4 kernel was primarily used for Xbox Linux. The 2.6 kernel patches that were developed appear stable and quite usable, but scattered functionalities from the 2.4 kernel were never ported over.
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| − | ===Distros===
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| − | A number of distributions were released, built around the Xbox Linux-patched kernel.
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| − | *'''[https://gentoox.shallax.com GentooX]''' - GentooX, unlike vanilla Gentoo, provided precompiled binaries to the user via a custom repository. These were binaries compiled specifically for the Xbox. GentooX had both Home and Pro editions, the Home edition built around a desktop environment and the Pro edition built around the CLI. GentooX was a popular and developed Xbox Linux distro. The website is [https://web.archive.org/web/20220328101921/https://gentoox.shallax.com/ still being archived], although it appears broken in Chrome. The latest release of [https://sourceforge.net/projects/xbox-linux/files/Gentoox/Home/ GentooX Home] is 7.1, and the latest release of [https://sourceforge.net/projects/xbox-linux/files/Gentoox/Pro/ Pro] was 5.1, in 2009.
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| − | *'''[https://web.archive.org/web/20050510000924/http://www.x-dsl.org/ X-DSL]''' - Based on Damn Small Linux, X-DSL was a lightweight Linux build. It used Knoppix patches to be able to boot to a desktop environment from small (<100MB) loop devices from FATX. It can also make a "native" install to the hard drive, or install to a larger loop device for a permanent setup. X-DSL is an easy version of historical Linux to try out today, since it can be launched and run entirely from drive E and that avoids some incompatibilities of Xbox Linux with larger hard drives. (if your hard drive is 3TB in order to get that extra .1TB of space, it may not work). The latest official version of X-DSL is 0.6, although there is an unofficial 0.7 floating around, among various other unofficial builds. X-DSL 0.6 can be found [https://sourceforge.net/projects/xbox-linux/files/X-DSL/X-DSL%20v0.6/ here].
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| − | *'''[https://web.archive.org/web/20060529005204/http://www.dynebolic.org:80/ Dyne:bolic Linux]''' - This is Rasta software! Dynebolic Linux is a multimedia creation, editing, and streaming focused distro that could boot as a liveCD on many systems, including original Xbox. Original Xbox was support was ended in Dyne:bolic 2.x, but that uses the 2.6 kernel so it could theoretically be supported if someone felt like it. The latest version compatible with the Xbox is 1.4.1, [https://osarchive.sda1.eu/dyne-bolic available here].
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| − | *'''[https://web.archive.org/web/20100617005832/http://www.xbox-linux.org/wiki/XUbuntu xUbuntu]''' - Not related to the distro more commonly known as "xUbuntu". "xUbuntu is based on Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badgar) distribution without graphical environment. xUbuntu linux system can be run from CD or installed to a PC or Xbox hard drive. The install process, the kernel, the kernel modules and the desktop are customized for PC and Xbox (i386)." The latest version is 0.9.0, [https://sourceforge.net/projects/xbox-linux/files/xUbuntu/xUbuntu%200.9.0/ available here].
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| − | *'''Ed's Xebian''' - Not related to the distro more commonly known as "Xebian". Does not appear to have a website. From the original Xbox Linux wiki, "With superb flexibility and ease of use, it can run off CD/DVD or it can be installed onto the Xbox hard drive in either the free space or the saved game area. The OS includes support for all versions of the Xbox, including those with Xcalibur video chips. Based on Debian stable (Sarge) with backports for newer software." The latest version is 1.1.4, [https://sourceforge.net/projects/xbox-linux/files/Ed_s%20Xebian/Xebian/ available here].
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| − | *'''[https://web.archive.org/web/20060713072515/http://www.not404.com:80/cgi-bin/trac.fcgi/wiki/XFedora4 xFedora]''' A port of Fedora Core to the Xbox; essentially Fedora Core with Xbox patches. The latest version is 0.7.41, [https://sourceforge.net/projects/xbox-linux/files/Fedora/ available here].
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| − | *'''[https://web.archive.org/web/20060630100324/http://www.keckstar.com:80/nuke/html/index.php sXb]''' - Slackware for the Original Xbox. The versioning is a little unclear, but the most recent ISO on sourceforge is in the iso.gz file [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sxb/files/Sxbnew/SXBNEW-iso--dfb-xdirectfb/ here].
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| − | *'''Mandrake''' A Mandrake 9 was released and claimed to be the first full distribution on the Xbox, but apparently was not continued or supported. No known Web site. It appears a 2005 "special edition" with the Xbox patches can be found [http://ftp.twaren.net/Linux/Mandrake/official/iso/10.1/i586/10.2/ here]. (Mandrake Linux was renamed to Mandriva Linux in 2005)
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| − | *'''live-linux''' A liveCD based Linux, may have been able to install to HDD; it was released up to 0.3, no known website. [https://legacy.downloads.diomtec.com/homebrew/xbins/Console%20Based%20Applications/Operating%20Systems/linux/distributions/live-linux/live-linux.0.3.iso.bz2 available here]
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| − | *'''ltools''', a minilinux used in Xbox game save hacks to mod the Xbox
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| − | *'''[https://sourceforge.net/projects/xboxhdm2/files/ xboxhdm]''' is a tool made by Idotsfan for softmodding locked Xbox hard drives, it's a PC-based CD-bootable set of Linux tools
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| − | *'''XMugen''' packaged Mugen for Linux using a busybox in an initramfs, and used swap and game character data files located on FATX. It currently has issues with anything other than "F takes all" schemes.
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| − | *'''Chimp''' is a tool for cloning and basic partitioning on Xbox hard drives. It runs from an initramfs.
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| − | *'''[https://web.archive.org/web/20051214030132/http://nexus.il.fontys.nl:80/ FreeBSD/Xbox]''' - Not Linux per se, but it's a port of FreeBSD to the Xbox. It was officially integrated into FreeBSD as a set of optional patches. A NetBSD setup can be found [ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/misc/jmcneill/xbox/ here] but it requires the rootfs mounted on NFS. There might be a self contained ISO out there?
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| − | ===Installing Old Distros===
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| − | These liveCDs above should all be safe to try on your Xbox, but installation to your hard drive is more risky. It can be fine if you take the proper considerations. Here are the installation methods usually presented by the installers:
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| − | '''Native Install'''
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| − | This may not be compatible with softmods! '''Don't mess around with native installs on a locked hard drive or a hard drive that's not backed up! Flash your TSOP or hardmod first!'''
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| − | This may wipe your hard drive, format it for Linux, and expect you to put Cromwell on your BIOS. It may also mean just formatting F and booting into it from Xromwell on FATX. So make sure you know which one it is! (the installer should tell you, if it's installing to F you should be fine) Any native install with a boot partition (launched via a hard drive icon in Cromwell/Xromwell) is NOT compatible with the XBPartitioner table, and installing it will overwite the XBPartitioner table. So "F takes all" is preferred here, for allowing coexistence with the stock partitions.
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| − | '''If you have a native install, DO NOT USE XBPARTITIONER unless you want to remove Linux. Any XBPartitioner format will break Linux by wiping out the MBR that Linux uses to find its partitions.''' You can't have custom FATX partitions alongside a Linux native install. (So use an old hard drive for this)
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| − | '''Loopback Install'''
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| − | This installs Linux to a file on the FATX filesystem. Your Linux filesystem will be contained within that file. This means that no repartitioning of your hard drive is necessary. This is a safer install method, if you have space for a small install on E, or if you are using an "F takes all" scheme with an Xbox partition on F. Drive F must end below the 137GB boundary, if doing a loopback install to it. (is that right?) XBPartitioner-defined partitions are not supported by official versions of Xbox Linux, it only looks for the stock partitions plus "F takes all". I am unsure of the behavior if the drive is bigger than F can be. Loopback installs should be safe if your FATX drive F is detected by Xbox Linux.
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| − | In general, using a <137GB hard drive avoids these issues, although loopback installs can still be done on larger drives.
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| − | It is not advisable to make changes on the FATX filesystem more than you have to in Xbox Linux. Mounting and reading FATX partitions is fine, but doing complex write operations should be avoided, just in case. The 2.4 kernel FATX support is thought to be more stable than in the 2.6 kernel. If you need to copy lots of files to your Xbox, do it via an Xbox dash using FTP. Simple operations on FATX should be fine, and the FATX support is not seriously unstable, but better to be safe. Loopback installs are considered to be stable, although they exist on FATX.
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| − | ==Links==
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| − | * [https://github.com/haxar/xbox-linux Haxar's modifications] to the 5.8 kernel
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| − | ** [https://github.com/XboxDev/xbox-linux-initramfs A basic initramfs] for use with that kernel
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| − | ** [https://github.com/XboxDev/xbox-linux-busybox The busybox setup] used in that initramfs
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| − | * [https://github.com/mborgerson/fatx mborgerson's FATX library], including a FUSE driver for FATX support in Linux
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| − | * [https://github.com/alexwinger/ubuntu-cosmic Ubuntu Cosmic with FATX, DON'T USE THIS], there is no actual FATX code in this repo. It appears to be just a starting point for a FATX implementation in Linux. Posted here to save you the time of figuring that out for yourself.
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| − | ===Historical links===
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| − | Much of the old Xbox Linux information now lives on archive.org. It is helpful if you come across anything useful, to add it here!
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| − | * [https://sourceforge.net/projects/xbox-linux/ The original Xbox Linux repository on sourceforge.] The mailing list archives can help answer esoteric questions about xbox linux, sometimes. The files section contains various Xbox Linux software and historical distribution isos.
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| − | * [https://sourceforge.net/projects/xboxhdm2/files/ The xboxhdm repository.] It contains source and executables for many Xbox tools created and modified by Idotsfan. The X-DSL directory contains some information on the original Xbpartitioner table patches.
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| − | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617000252/http://www.xbox-linux.org/wiki/Main_Page The "New" Xbox Linux wiki], which was online until 2011.
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| − | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050724003648/http://xbox-linux.sourceforge.net/cgi-bin/moin.cgi/FrontPage The "Old" Xbox Linux wiki], which was migrated to xbox-linux.org. Not all articles were migrated.
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| − | ==See Also==
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| − | * [[17_Mistakes_Microsoft_Made_in_the_Xbox_Security_System|17 Mistakes Microsoft Made in the Xbox Security System]] by Michael Steil, a member of the Xbox Linux team
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| − | * [https://www.usenix.org/system/files/1311_05-08_mickens.pdf The Night Watch] Some inspiration
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| − | * [https://web.mit.edu/~simsong/www/ugh.pdf The UNIX Hater's Handbook] Some catharsis, from before the dawn of time
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