xboxdevwiki - User contributions [en]

LPC Debug Port

2018-05-25T16:45:13Z

Furon:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:right;margin-left:10px;"
|+ Pin Layout
|-
! style="text-align:right" | Name !! style="text-align:right" | Pin !! Pin !! Name
|-
| style="text-align:right" | SERIRQ (v1.0) || style="text-align:right" | 16 || 15 || 3.3V
|-
| style="text-align:right" | SDA || style="text-align:right" | 14 || 13 || SCL
|-
| style="text-align:right" | GND || style="text-align:right" | 12 || 11 || LAD0
|-
| style="text-align:right" | LAD1 || style="text-align:right" | 10 || 9 || 3.3V
|-
| style="text-align:right" | LAD2 || style="text-align:right" | 8 || 7 || LAD3
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5V || style="text-align:right" | 6 || 5 || LRESET#
|-
| style="text-align:right" | PWR (v1.6) || style="text-align:right" | 4 || 3 || LFRAME#
|-
| style="text-align:right" | GND || style="text-align:right" | 2 || 1 || LCLK
|}

The '''LPC Debug Port''' is an unpopulated 2x8 2.54mm (0.1") footprint on the Xbox motherboard that provides access to the system's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Pin_Count Low Pin Count] Bus, as well as the [[SMBus]]. Throughout the Xbox's lifetime, Microsoft modified the LPC port in an attempt to prevent modding and, in some cases, it must be "rebuilt" to restore the port's full functionality. Rebuilding the LPC debug port involves soldering wires between it and very small vias on the motherboard.

The LPC bus is controlled by the [[MCPX|MCPX southbridge]], which conforms to the Intel Low Pin Count Specification 1.0.

== Pins ==

* '''3.3V''' (15 & 9) - Provides 3.3V while the Xbox is powered on. On 1.6 hardware, disconnected reconnect to pin 15 to restore supply voltage.
* '''SDA''' (14) - [[SMBus]] data and address signal.
* '''SCL''' (13) - [[SMBus]] clock signal.
* '''GND''' (12 & 2) - Ground.
* '''LAD[3:0]''' (11, 10, 8, 7) - LPC address and data signals.
* '''5V''' (6) - Provides 5V while the Xbox is powered on or v1.6 always on when AC plugged in.
* '''LRESET#''' (5) - LPC reset signal; same as PCIRST#.
* '''PWR''' (4) - On pre-1.6 hardware, this pin does not physically exist. On 1.6 hardware, this pin is connected to the power button. Shorting it to ground will turn the Xbox on and off.
* '''LFRAME#''' (3) - LPC start-of-cycle signal. On 1.3-1.5 hardware, disconnected.
* '''LCLK''' (1) - 33MHz LPC clock signal; same as PCICLK.

The debug port lacks the optional LDRQ#, SERIRQ, CLKRUN#, PME#, LPCPD#, and LSMI# signals. This means peripherals connected to the debug port cannot utilize interrupt, DMA, bus mastering, or power management features.

Talk:Super I/O

2018-01-16T01:18:45Z

Furon:

== Alternative Super I/O Controller ==

<del>If one wanted to create a new kernel debugger board, the Microchip LPC47N217 Super I/O Controller is still in production and has a configuration interface compatible with the SMSC LPC47M157. It has fewer pins, thanks to a reduced number of logical devices, so should be easier to solder.</del> Turns out the LPC47N217's configuration registers are not compatible, after all. Its register I/O sequence is also slightly different, so the kernel would have to be patched.

-- [[User:Furon|Furon]] ([[User talk:Furon|talk]])

SMBus

2018-01-12T19:46:57Z

Furon:

Retreived from http://www.xbox-linux.org/wiki/SMBus_Controller

by ''Michael Steil'' (original version: 15/26 June 2002)

All non-PC components of the Xbox console are connected through an I²C/SMbus interface. I²C/SMBus is a slow low-cost serial bus with each device having a unique 7-bit ID. (Wikipedia has informative articles about [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617015507/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I2c I²C] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617015507/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMBus SMBus], you might want to check them out.)

There are only two operations of an SMBus controller: write and read. Writing means that an 8 bit command code and an 8 or 16 bit operand are sent to an SMBus device. Reading means that an 8 bit command code is sent to the device and an 8 or 16 bit answer is expected.

The controller for the SMBus interface in the Xbox is a PCI device with the DevID 01B4 and it is built into MPCX southbridge. It supports bus arbitration and the Xbox kernel will retry transactions if a collision occurs. This means it is safe to use a second SMBus master (like a USB-SMBus adapter) while the Xbox is running ''as long as the second master also supports arbitration''. Adapters based on the Silicon Labs CP2112 or Microchip MCP2221 chips will work, for example.

==SMBus Controller Port Layout==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Port !! Description
|-
| 0xC000
| '''Status'''

* bit 0: abort
* bit 1: collision
* bit 2: protocol error
* bit 3: busy
* bit 4: cycle complete
* bit 5: timeout

|-
| 0xC002
| '''Control'''

* bit 2-0: cycle type
* bit 3: start
* bit 4: enable interrupt
* bit 5: abort

|-
| 0xC004
| '''Address'''
|-
| 0xC006
| '''Data'''
|-
| 0xC008
| '''Command'''
|}

This is very similar (but not identical) to the AMD756/AMD766/AMD768 SMBus controllers. The [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617015507/http://www.lm-sensors.nu/ lm_sensors project] includes GPLed Linux kernel code for it since version 2.6.4 (kernel/busses/i2c-amd756.c).

==SMBus Controller Programming==

The following two routines illustrate how to read and write data from and to an SMBus device:

<pre> int SMBusWriteCommand(unsigned char slave, unsigned char command, int isWord, unsigned short data) {
again:
_outp(0xc004, (slave<<1)&0xfe);
_outp(0xc008, command);
_outpw(0xc006, data);
_outpw(0xc000, _inpw(0xc000));
_outp(0xc002, (isWord) ? 0x0b : 0x0a);
while ((_inp(0xc000) & 8)); /* wait while busy */
if (_inp(0xc000) & 0x02) goto again; /* retry transmission */
if (_inp(0xc000) & 0x34) return 0; /* fatal error */
return 1;
}
</pre>
<pre> int SMBusReadCommand(unsigned char slave, unsigned char command, int isWord, unsigned short *data) {
again:
_outp(0xc004, (slave<<1)|0x01);
_outp(0xc008, command);
_outpw(0xc000, _inpw(0xc000));
_outp(0xc002, (isWord) ? 0x0b : 0x0a);
while ((_inp(0xc000) & 8)); /* wait while busy */
if (_inp(0xc000) & 0x02) goto again; /* retry transmission */
if (_inp(0xc000) & 0x34) return 0; /* fatal error */
*data = _inpw(0xc006);
return 1;
}
</pre>
 
To avoid busy waiting of the CPU, the SMBus controller can also issue an interrupt when the operation is complete, by setting bit #4 in the control port when initiating the transfer.

==Xbox SMBus Devices==

The following four devices are connected to the Xbox SMBus:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''Device'''
| '''Hardware Address'''
| '''Software Address'''
|-
| PIC16LC
| 0x10
| 0x20
|-
| Conexant CX25871 Video Encoder
| 0x45
| 0x8a
|-
| ADM1032 System Temperature Monitor
| 0x4c
| 0x98
|-
| Serial EEPROM
| 0x54
| 0xa8
|}

Do not confuse the hardware with the software addresses: The software ID is the hardware ID shifted by one bit left. The code above expects the hardware ID.

Actually, these addresses are not literally accurate; you find that the hardware address is 0x54 for the EEPROM: the actual address of the EEPROM on the i2c bus is 1010 (0xa), however, you will also notice that 0x54 is '''1010'''100 in binary, and it seems that this 100 is also appended onto the other devices as well (although their software address is naturally read as say '''1010'''1000 - obviously because of the left shifting, however, it could be speculated that it would be possible to communicate with devices over the SMBus that are connected via i2c, so long as you knew their base address.

SMBus

2018-01-12T19:46:30Z

Furon: Add info about arbitration and USB-SMBus adapters

Retreived from http://www.xbox-linux.org/wiki/SMBus_Controller

by ''Michael Steil'' (original version: 15/26 June 2002)

All non-PC components of the Xbox console are connected through an I²C/SMbus interface. I²C/SMBus is a slow low-cost serial bus with each device having a unique 7-bit ID. (Wikipedia has informative articles about [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617015507/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I2c I²C] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617015507/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMBus SMBus], you might want to check them out.)

There are only two operations of an SMBus controller: write and read. Writing means that an 8 bit command code and an 8 or 16 bit operand are sent to an SMBus device. Reading means that an 8 bit command code is sent to the device and an 8 or 16 bit answer is expected.

The controller for the SMBus interface in the Xbox is a PCI device with the DevID 01B4 and it is built into MPCX southbridge. It supports bus arbitration and the Xbox kernel will retry transactions if a collision occurs. This means it is safe to use a second SMBus master (a USB-SMBus adapter, for example) while the Xbox is running ''as long as the second master also supports arbitration''. Adapters based on the Silicon Labs CP2112 or Microchip MCP2221 chips will work, for example.

==SMBus Controller Port Layout==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Port !! Description
|-
| 0xC000
| '''Status'''

* bit 0: abort
* bit 1: collision
* bit 2: protocol error
* bit 3: busy
* bit 4: cycle complete
* bit 5: timeout

|-
| 0xC002
| '''Control'''

* bit 2-0: cycle type
* bit 3: start
* bit 4: enable interrupt
* bit 5: abort

|-
| 0xC004
| '''Address'''
|-
| 0xC006
| '''Data'''
|-
| 0xC008
| '''Command'''
|}

This is very similar (but not identical) to the AMD756/AMD766/AMD768 SMBus controllers. The [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617015507/http://www.lm-sensors.nu/ lm_sensors project] includes GPLed Linux kernel code for it since version 2.6.4 (kernel/busses/i2c-amd756.c).

==SMBus Controller Programming==

The following two routines illustrate how to read and write data from and to an SMBus device:

<pre> int SMBusWriteCommand(unsigned char slave, unsigned char command, int isWord, unsigned short data) {
again:
_outp(0xc004, (slave<<1)&0xfe);
_outp(0xc008, command);
_outpw(0xc006, data);
_outpw(0xc000, _inpw(0xc000));
_outp(0xc002, (isWord) ? 0x0b : 0x0a);
while ((_inp(0xc000) & 8)); /* wait while busy */
if (_inp(0xc000) & 0x02) goto again; /* retry transmission */
if (_inp(0xc000) & 0x34) return 0; /* fatal error */
return 1;
}
</pre>
<pre> int SMBusReadCommand(unsigned char slave, unsigned char command, int isWord, unsigned short *data) {
again:
_outp(0xc004, (slave<<1)|0x01);
_outp(0xc008, command);
_outpw(0xc000, _inpw(0xc000));
_outp(0xc002, (isWord) ? 0x0b : 0x0a);
while ((_inp(0xc000) & 8)); /* wait while busy */
if (_inp(0xc000) & 0x02) goto again; /* retry transmission */
if (_inp(0xc000) & 0x34) return 0; /* fatal error */
*data = _inpw(0xc006);
return 1;
}
</pre>
 
To avoid busy waiting of the CPU, the SMBus controller can also issue an interrupt when the operation is complete, by setting bit #4 in the control port when initiating the transfer.

==Xbox SMBus Devices==

The following four devices are connected to the Xbox SMBus:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''Device'''
| '''Hardware Address'''
| '''Software Address'''
|-
| PIC16LC
| 0x10
| 0x20
|-
| Conexant CX25871 Video Encoder
| 0x45
| 0x8a
|-
| ADM1032 System Temperature Monitor
| 0x4c
| 0x98
|-
| Serial EEPROM
| 0x54
| 0xa8
|}

Do not confuse the hardware with the software addresses: The software ID is the hardware ID shifted by one bit left. The code above expects the hardware ID.

Actually, these addresses are not literally accurate; you find that the hardware address is 0x54 for the EEPROM: the actual address of the EEPROM on the i2c bus is 1010 (0xa), however, you will also notice that 0x54 is '''1010'''100 in binary, and it seems that this 100 is also appended onto the other devices as well (although their software address is naturally read as say '''1010'''1000 - obviously because of the left shifting, however, it could be speculated that it would be possible to communicate with devices over the SMBus that are connected via i2c, so long as you knew their base address.

Super I/O

2017-12-30T20:56:35Z

Furon:

The Super I/O board is a feature of some [[Development Kits]]. The board is build around a SMSC LPC47M157 chip ([https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=0BxOesalXbGtOanoxenlqQUh6Y0k Datasheet]) and interfaces with the Xbox via a ribbon cable connected to the [[LPC Debug Port]].

The board provides the following ports:
* RS232 (used for [[Kernel Debug | Kernel debugging]], not to be confused with [[Xbox Debug Monitor]])

unpopulated ports or functions are:
* PS/2 Mouse port{{citation needed}}
* PS/2 Keyboard port{{citation needed}}
* something MCPX (SMBus?){{citation needed}}
* Temp something (SMBus?){{citation needed}}
* Post code (SMBus?){{citation needed}}
* Flash-ROM / BIOS (like modchips, replaces onboard kernel?){{citation needed}}

[http://codeasm.com/xbox/images/dvt4/SL734874.JPG Picture of the board]{{FIXME|reason=Contact codeasm, he said he'll search for the non-watermarked pic and put it under a good license}}

== Schematic ==
Its a four layer board, layers 2 and 3 are filled on the entire board, probably ground and power planes.
north, or up in the next tables is up as written the layer numbers and silkscreen common direction.
The folowing main parts are populated on the board:
{| class="wikitable"
!| total
! Labels
! Description
|-
|1
| U1
| SMSC LPC47M157-NC (1996 )
|-
|1
| U3
| MAX223EAI (0104, first week 2004?)
|-
|1
|Y2
|CMX-309FB B (14.3181Mhz standard Clock Oscillator )
|-
|1
|J7
|AMP rs232 Male connector
|-
|1
|J9
|16 pins male header (LPC bus)
|-
|5
|R1,R7,R10,R11,R12
|10Kohm smd resistor
|-
|7
|C10,C12,C13,C16,C17,C36,C37
|Bigger, probably NOT all the same caps
|-
|17
|C1,C2,C9,C15,C1?(8?),C21,C22,C23,C24,C25,C26,C28,C31,C32,C33,C34,C35
|Smaller, also, asuming not all the same
|}

The connections in the following tables are checked with the continuity test on a VOM(Multimeter).
but for now here are the listings of wich pin goes where:

=== U1 SMsC LPC ic ===
{| class="wikitable"
!| Pin
! to pin
! Note
|-
|U1 pin 18
|C17(up) and ?
|(not finished)
|-
|U1 pin 6,7
|C17(down) and GND
|Both U1 pins yes)
|-
|U1 p24
|J9 pin 3
|LFrame
|-
|U1 p29
|J9 pin 1
|LClk
|-
|U1 p30
|J9 pin 16
|(unkown function)
|-
|U1 P84
|U3 ???
|RX
|-
|U1 P85
|U3 ???
|TX
|}

=== J9 LPC header===
Not finished
{| class="wikitable"
!| Pin
! to pin
! Note
|-
|J9 pin 1
|U1 p29
|
|-
|J9 pin 2
|GND
|
|-
|J9 pin 3
|U1 p24
|LFrame
|-
|J9 pin 4
|NC
|no pin
|-
|J9 pin 5
|
|RST
|-
|J9 pin 6
|C12(e),C13(S),C15(S),U3 p11.
|5V
|-
|J9 pin 7
|
|LAD3
|-
|J9 pin 8
|
|LAD2
|-
|J9 pin 9
|3.3V
|
|-
|J9 pin 10
|
|LAD1
|-
|J9 pin 11
|
|LAD0
|-
|J9 pin 12
|GND
|
|-
|J9 pin 13
|U1 p104
|SCL
|-
|J9 pin 14
|U1 p103
|SDA
|-
|J9 pin 15
|3.3V
|
|-
|J9 pin 16
|U1 p30
|(unkown function)
|}

== Related links ==

* [https://github.com/espes/xqemu/blob/xbox/hw/xbox/lpc47m157.c Super I/O emulation in XQEMU]
(SMBus?)
* [http://imgur.com/a/vJi9E Images (CC0 License) by Codeasm with detailed shots of the SuperIO board]

LPC Debug Port

2017-12-30T17:26:02Z

Furon:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:right;margin-left:10px;"
|+ Pin Layout
|-
! style="text-align:right" | Name !! style="text-align:right" | Pin !! Pin !! Name
|-
| style="text-align:right" | - || style="text-align:right" | 16 || 15 || 3.3V
|-
| style="text-align:right" | SDA || style="text-align:right" | 14 || 13 || SCL
|-
| style="text-align:right" | GND || style="text-align:right" | 12 || 11 || LAD0
|-
| style="text-align:right" | LAD1 || style="text-align:right" | 10 || 9 || 3.3V
|-
| style="text-align:right" | LAD2 || style="text-align:right" | 8 || 7 || LAD3
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5V || style="text-align:right" | 6 || 5 || LRESET#
|-
| style="text-align:right" | PWR (v1.6) || style="text-align:right" | 4 || 3 || LFRAME#
|-
| style="text-align:right" | GND || style="text-align:right" | 2 || 1 || LCLK
|}

The '''LPC Debug Port''' is an unpopulated 2x8 2.54mm (0.1") footprint on the Xbox motherboard that provides access to the system's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Pin_Count Low Pin Count] Bus, as well as the [[SMBus]]. Throughout the Xbox's lifetime, Microsoft modified the LPC port in an attempt to prevent modding and, in some cases, it must be "rebuilt" to restore the port's full functionality. Rebuilding the LPC debug port involves soldering wires between it and very small vias on the motherboard.

The LPC bus is controlled by the [[MCPX|MCPX southbridge]], which conforms to the Intel Low Pin Count Specification 1.0.

== Pins ==

* '''3.3V''' (15 & 9) - Provides 3.3V while the Xbox is powered on.
* '''SDA''' (14) - [[SMBus]] data and address signal.
* '''SCL''' (13) - [[SMBus]] clock signal.
* '''GND''' (12 & 2) - Ground.
* '''LAD[3:0]''' (11, 10, 8, 7) - LPC address and data signals.
* '''5V''' (6) - Provides 5V while the Xbox is plugged in.
* '''LRESET#''' (5) - LPC reset signal; same as PCIRST#.
* '''PWR''' (4) - On pre-1.6 hardware, this pin does not physically exist. On 1.6 hardware, this pin is connected to the power button. Shorting it to ground will turn the Xbox on and off.
* '''LFRAME#''' (3) - LPC start-of-cycle signal.
* '''LCLK''' (2) - 33MHz LPC clock signal; same as PCICLK.

The debug port lacks the optional LDRQ#, SERIRQ, CLKRUN#, PME#, LPCPD#, and LSMI# signals. This means peripherals connected to the debug port cannot utilize interrupt, DMA, bus mastering, or power management features.

LPC Debug Port

2017-12-30T17:25:42Z

Furon:

{|class="wikitable" style="float:right;margin-left:10px;"
|+ Pin Layout
|-
! style="text-align:right" | Name !! style="text-align:right" | Pin !! Pin !! Name
|-
| style="text-align:right" | - || style="text-align:right" | 16 || 15 || 3.3V
|-
| style="text-align:right" | SDA || style="text-align:right" | 14 || 13 || SCL
|-
| style="text-align:right" | GND || style="text-align:right" | 12 || 11 || LAD0
|-
| style="text-align:right" | LAD1 || style="text-align:right" | 10 || 9 || 3.3V
|-
| style="text-align:right" | LAD2 || style="text-align:right" | 8 || 7 || LAD3
|-
| style="text-align:right" | 5V || style="text-align:right" | 6 || 5 || LRESET#
|-
| style="text-align:right" | PWR (v1.6) || style="text-align:right" | 4 || 3 || LFRAME#
|-
| style="text-align:right" | GND || style="text-align:right" | 2 || 1 || LCLK
|}

The '''LPC Debug Port''' is an unpopulated 2x8 2.54mm (0.1") footprint on the Xbox motherboard that provides access to the system's [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low_Pin_Count Low Pin Count] Bus, as well as the [[SMBus]]. Throughout the Xbox's lifetime, Microsoft modified the LPC port in an attempt to prevent modding and, in some cases, it must be "rebuilt" to restore the port's full functionality. Rebuilding the LPC debug port involves soldering wires between it and very small vias on the motherboard.

The LPC bus is controlled by the [[MCPX MCPX southbridge]], which conforms to the Intel Low Pin Count Specification 1.0.

== Pins ==

* '''3.3V''' (15 & 9) - Provides 3.3V while the Xbox is powered on.
* '''SDA''' (14) - [[SMBus]] data and address signal.
* '''SCL''' (13) - [[SMBus]] clock signal.
* '''GND''' (12 & 2) - Ground.
* '''LAD[3:0]''' (11, 10, 8, 7) - LPC address and data signals.
* '''5V''' (6) - Provides 5V while the Xbox is plugged in.
* '''LRESET#''' (5) - LPC reset signal; same as PCIRST#.
* '''PWR''' (4) - On pre-1.6 hardware, this pin does not physically exist. On 1.6 hardware, this pin is connected to the power button. Shorting it to ground will turn the Xbox on and off.
* '''LFRAME#''' (3) - LPC start-of-cycle signal.
* '''LCLK''' (2) - 33MHz LPC clock signal; same as PCICLK.

The debug port lacks the optional LDRQ#, SERIRQ, CLKRUN#, PME#, LPCPD#, and LSMI# signals. This means peripherals connected to the debug port cannot utilize interrupt, DMA, bus mastering, or power management features.

Manufacturing Process

2017-12-29T20:26:24Z

Furon: Mention the label bar code

[[File:Manufacturing26.jpg|thumb|Sárvár, Hungary factory]]

The Xbox was manufactured by Flextronics in four locations throughout its lifetime: Guadalajara, Mexico; Sárvár, Hungary; Doumen, China; and Taiwan{{FIXME|reason=City?}}.

== Serial Number ==

[[File:Serial-sticker.jpg|frame|An example of a serial number sticker]]

Every Xbox has a sticker on the bottom with a manufacturing date and a 12-digit serial number. The serial number encodes information about where and when the hardware was manufactured.

Using the pictured serial number as an example:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Line !! Number !! Year !! Week !! Factory
|-
| 1 || 166356 || 2 || 09 || 03
|}

The first field is the factory production line number. The second field is the Xbox's number for the week (for the whole factory, not just the one line). The third field is the last digit of the year. The fourth field is the week of the year. Finally, the fifth field is the factory number. Mexico is 02, Hungary is 03, China is 05, and Taiwan is 06.

So this Xbox was the 166,356th to be manufactured in week 9 of the year 2002 on production line 1 in Sárvár, Hungary.

The bar code is the 12-digit serial number in standard [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_39 Code 39] format.

== Timeline ==

{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" |
! scope="col" | Mexico
! scope="col" | Hungary
! scope="col" | China
|-
! colspan=4 scope="col" | 2001
|-
! scope="row" | October
| colspan=2 | Production of 110V 1.0 Xboxes with Thomson DVD drives begins for USA/Canada.
| style="background:white" |
|-
! colspan=4 scope="col" | 2002
|-
! scope="row" | January
| Production begins for Japan.
| Production switches to 220V 1.0 models for Europe/Australia.
| style="background:white" |
|-
! scope="row" | April
| Production lines 1 and 6 are moved to China. 50% of new units now produced with Philips DVD drives.
|
| {{FIXME|reason=Which markets did China take up production for?}}
|-
! scope="row" | May
|
| Production stops after ~3 million units. All four production lines moved to China.
|
|-
! scope="row" | August
|
| style="background:white" |
| Production of the 220V 1.1 Xbox for Europe/Australia begins, with mostly Philips and sometimes Thomson DVD drives.
|-
! scope="row" | September
|
| style="background:white" |
| Most units now use Samsung DVD drives.
|-
! scope="row" | October
| Remaining four lines switched to version 1.1.
| style="background:white" |
|
|-
! scope="row" | November
|
| style="background:white" |
| Production extended to 110V USA/Canada/Japan models.
|-
! scope="row" | December
| Production ends after ~7 million units.
| style="background:white" |
| First line changes to version 1.2.
|-
! colspan=4 scope="col" | 2003
|-
! scope="row" | February
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| Last line changes to version 1.2.
|-
! scope="row" | March
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| First line changes to version 1.3.
|-
! scope="row" | April
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| Last line changes to version 1.3.
|-
! scope="row" | July
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| First line changes to version 1.4.
|-
! scope="row" | August
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| First line changes to version 1.5.
|-
! colspan=4 scope="col" | 2004 {{FIXME|reason=Need timeline for 1.6 models.}}
|-
! scope="row" | ?
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| ?
|}

== Hardware assembly ==

The Xbox was manufactured just like many other mass-produced electronic products. Printed circuit boards were made in bulk and populated by pick-and-place machines, the plastic case was formed by injection molding, and finally all of the pieces were assembled by hand on production lines.

The overall process didn't vary much between hardware revisions. The only notable change was related to the BIOS ROM. Up until version 1.6, the BIOS was flashed onto a TSOP ROM before being soldered to the motherboard. Revision 1.6 introduced the Xyclops chip, which integrated both the [[System Management Controller]] and the BIOS ROM on a single die. This meant the BIOS had to be flashed by the chip manufacturer instead of on the Xbox production line.

<gallery>
File:Manufacturing19.jpg|Plastic case molding & assembly.
File:Manufacturing18.jpg|Lids
File:Manufacturing9.jpg|Green jewels
File:Manufacturing10.jpg|Green jewels
File:Manufacturing16.jpg|Jewels are dispensed from hoppers.
File:Manufacturing7.jpg|Lid shield is positioned.
File:Manufacturing3.jpg|Lid is placed over shield.
File:Manufacturing5.jpg|Jewel is aligned...
File:Manufacturing4.jpg|...and then applied.
File:Manufacturing6.jpg|The tape is left on to prevent scratches.
File:Manufacturing15.jpg|Shield and drive caddies are installed in the bottom half.
File:Manufacturing20.jpg|Assembled cases are placed on pallets.
File:Manufacturing11.jpg
File:Manufacturing12.jpg
File:Manufacturing13.jpg
File:Manufacturing14.jpg|Cases ready for their electronics.
File:Manufacturing25.jpg|Components arrive in bulk at the assembly line.
File:Manufacturing26.jpg
File:Manufacturing24.jpg|Technicians assemble components.
File:Manufacturing23.jpg
File:Manufacturing22.jpg
File:Manufacturing27.jpg
File:Manufacturing28.jpg
File:Manufacturing21.jpg|Fully assembled consoles are placed on carts, ready for initialization.
</gallery>

== Software initialization ==

When a fully-assembled Xbox reached the end of the production line, it had a:

* valid BIOS image
* blank EEPROM
* blank, unlocked hard disk

To initialize the EEPROM and hard disk in the final stage of production, a technician would insert a DVD containing a setup program. The setup program, named default.xbe just like any other primary Xbox executable, was built by the XDK with the "allow eject" flag set and the region code set to 0x80000000 ("DEBUG").

When the Xbox kernel initializes, it checksums the EEPROM. If it fails, the Xbox will be in DEBUG mode, i.e. the region code is set to 0x80000000. With the region code set to this value, the kernel ignores it if the hard disk is not locked. Because the region code matches, the kernel will run the executable from the DVD, which does the following:

# Format the three swap partitions
# Copy XMTAXBOX.XBE from the DVD to the first cache partition and run it

Then the DVD can be ejected and put into the next Xbox.

=== XMTAXBOX.XBE ===

This XMTAXBOX.XBE is an XBE retail-signed for hard disk, also with the region code set to 0x80000000, that does the following:

# Retrieve the EEPROM contents from a network server
# Retrieve the contents of the system and data partitions from a network server
# Lock the hard disk
# Run some self tests and send a report to the server

A new Xbox still contains the file XMTAXBOX.XBE on the first cache partition, as well as some temporary files on the third one.

Xbox kernels since version 4034 have another backdoor that even works if the EEPROM check succeeds: If bit 30 of the media flag of an XBE is set, the condition of the hard disk is ignored as well. This change allows Microsoft to replace broken hard disks without replacing a valid EEPROM on an Xbox sent in for repair. Before this change, they had to rewrite the EEPROM whenever they replaced the drive.

<gallery>
File:Manufacturing30.jpg|Consoles are initialized by setup program.
File:Manufacturing33.jpg|Initialized consoles undergo final integration testing.
File:Manufacturing34.jpg
File:Manufacturing2.jpg
</gallery>

== Packing and shipping ==

<gallery>
File:Manufacturing17.jpg|Styrofoam inserts are prepared.
File:Manufacturing31.jpg|Consoles are packed into boxes.
File:Manufacturing32.jpg|Boxes are sealed...
File:Manufacturing29.jpg|...and loaded on pallets, ready for shipping.
</gallery>

== Videos ==

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iWQb7LGH71s Xbox Factory Tour Video (Sárvár, Hungary; 2002)] - Demonstrates almost the entire assembly process from start to finish (not including case manufacturing).
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_iR0eNuyUKI Flextronics Advertisement] - Contains still photos of the PCB manufacturing and testing processes.

== Further Reading ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617013616/http://www.ifm.eng.cam.ac.uk/ctm/idm/cases/xbox.html Case study - Microsoft Xbox], Innovation and Design Management, University of Cambridge
* O'Brien, J. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617013616/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/9.11/flex_pr.html The making of the Xbox], Wired, Issue 9.11, November 2001
* Shah, J. and Serant, C. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617013616/http://www.ebnonline.com/story/OEG20020311S0076 Microsoft's Xbox sets supply chain standard], EBN Online, 11 March 2002
* Olavsrud, T. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617013616/http://www.internetnews.com/bus-news/article.php/1129171 Flextronics relocates Xbox manufacturing facility], Internetnews.com, 15 May 2002
* Penz, B. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617013616/http://www.amcham.hu/BusinessHungary/16-06/articles/16-06_27.asp Game Over? Xbox production heads east], Business Hungary, Vol 16 No 6, June 2002
* Carbone, J. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617013616/http://manufacturing.net/pur/article/CA237778?stt=001&pubdate=08%2F15%2F02 Outsourcing the Xbox], Purchasing Magazine Online, 15 August 2002
* Neilley, R. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617013616/http://www.immnet.com/articles?article=1763 Molding is big man on this campus], PlasticsToday, 1 December 2001

== Credits ==

This article is adapted from [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617013616/http://www.xbox-linux.org/wiki/Xbox_Manufacturing_Process Xbox Manufacturing Process] by Michael Steil. Its content is reproduced here under the [https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/fdl-1.2.en.html GNU Free Documentation License 1.2].

Production line photos are from [https://web.archive.org/web/20100608022830/http://andy.saturn9.ws:80/Photo%20Albums/Xbox%20Manufacturing%20Facility/ Andy Rostad's gallery].

Manufacturing Process

2017-12-29T18:57:17Z

Furon:

[[File:Manufacturing26.jpg|thumb|Sárvár, Hungary factory]]

The Xbox was manufactured by Flextronics in four locations throughout its lifetime: Guadalajara, Mexico; Sárvár, Hungary; Doumen, China; and Taiwan{{FIXME|reason=City?}}.

== Serial Number ==

[[File:Serial-sticker.jpg|frame|An example of a serial number sticker]]

Every Xbox has a sticker on the bottom with a manufacturing date and a 12-digit serial number. The serial number encodes information about where and when the hardware was manufactured.

Using the pictured serial number as an example:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Line !! Number !! Year !! Week !! Factory
|-
| 1 || 166356 || 2 || 09 || 03
|}

The first field is the factory production line number. The second field is the Xbox's number for the week (for the whole factory, not just the one line). The third field is the last digit of the year. The fourth field is the week of the year. Finally, the fifth field is the factory number. Mexico is 02, Hungary is 03, China is 05, and Taiwan is 06.

So this Xbox was the 166,356th to be manufactured in week 9 of the year 2002 on production line 1 in Sárvár, Hungary.

== Timeline ==

{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" |
! scope="col" | Mexico
! scope="col" | Hungary
! scope="col" | China
|-
! colspan=4 scope="col" | 2001
|-
! scope="row" | October
| colspan=2 | Production of 110V 1.0 Xboxes with Thomson DVD drives begins for USA/Canada.
| style="background:white" |
|-
! colspan=4 scope="col" | 2002
|-
! scope="row" | January
| Production begins for Japan.
| Production switches to 220V 1.0 models for Europe/Australia.
| style="background:white" |
|-
! scope="row" | April
| Production lines 1 and 6 are moved to China. 50% of new units now produced with Philips DVD drives.
|
| {{FIXME|reason=Which markets did China take up production for?}}
|-
! scope="row" | May
|
| Production stops after ~3 million units. All four production lines moved to China.
|
|-
! scope="row" | August
|
| style="background:white" |
| Production of the 220V 1.1 Xbox for Europe/Australia begins, with mostly Philips and sometimes Thomson DVD drives.
|-
! scope="row" | September
|
| style="background:white" |
| Most units now use Samsung DVD drives.
|-
! scope="row" | October
| Remaining four lines switched to version 1.1.
| style="background:white" |
|
|-
! scope="row" | November
|
| style="background:white" |
| Production extended to 110V USA/Canada/Japan models.
|-
! scope="row" | December
| Production ends after ~7 million units.
| style="background:white" |
| First line changes to version 1.2.
|-
! colspan=4 scope="col" | 2003
|-
! scope="row" | February
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| Last line changes to version 1.2.
|-
! scope="row" | March
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| First line changes to version 1.3.
|-
! scope="row" | April
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| Last line changes to version 1.3.
|-
! scope="row" | July
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| First line changes to version 1.4.
|-
! scope="row" | August
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| First line changes to version 1.5.
|-
! colspan=4 scope="col" | 2004 {{FIXME|reason=Need timeline for 1.6 models.}}
|-
! scope="row" | ?
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| ?
|}

== Hardware assembly ==

The Xbox was manufactured just like many other mass-produced electronic products. Printed circuit boards were made in bulk and populated by pick-and-place machines, the plastic case was formed by injection molding, and finally all of the pieces were assembled by hand on production lines.

The overall process didn't vary much between hardware revisions. The only notable change was related to the BIOS ROM. Up until version 1.6, the BIOS was flashed onto a TSOP ROM before being soldered to the motherboard. Revision 1.6 introduced the Xyclops chip, which integrated both the [[System Management Controller]] and the BIOS ROM on a single die. This meant the BIOS had to be flashed by the chip manufacturer instead of on the Xbox production line.

<gallery>
File:Manufacturing19.jpg|Plastic case molding & assembly.
File:Manufacturing18.jpg|Lids
File:Manufacturing9.jpg|Green jewels
File:Manufacturing10.jpg|Green jewels
File:Manufacturing16.jpg|Jewels are dispensed from hoppers.
File:Manufacturing7.jpg|Lid shield is positioned.
File:Manufacturing3.jpg|Lid is placed over shield.
File:Manufacturing5.jpg|Jewel is aligned...
File:Manufacturing4.jpg|...and then applied.
File:Manufacturing6.jpg|The tape is left on to prevent scratches.
File:Manufacturing15.jpg|Shield and drive caddies are installed in the bottom half.
File:Manufacturing20.jpg|Assembled cases are placed on pallets.
File:Manufacturing11.jpg
File:Manufacturing12.jpg
File:Manufacturing13.jpg
File:Manufacturing14.jpg|Cases ready for their electronics.
File:Manufacturing25.jpg|Components arrive in bulk at the assembly line.
File:Manufacturing26.jpg
File:Manufacturing24.jpg|Technicians assemble components.
File:Manufacturing23.jpg
File:Manufacturing22.jpg
File:Manufacturing27.jpg
File:Manufacturing28.jpg
File:Manufacturing21.jpg|Fully assembled consoles are placed on carts, ready for initialization.
</gallery>

== Software initialization ==

When a fully-assembled Xbox reached the end of the production line, it had a:

* valid BIOS image
* blank EEPROM
* blank, unlocked hard disk

To initialize the EEPROM and hard disk in the final stage of production, a technician would insert a DVD containing a setup program. The setup program, named default.xbe just like any other primary Xbox executable, was built by the XDK with the "allow eject" flag set and the region code set to 0x80000000 ("DEBUG").

When the Xbox kernel initializes, it checksums the EEPROM. If it fails, the Xbox will be in DEBUG mode, i.e. the region code is set to 0x80000000. With the region code set to this value, the kernel ignores it if the hard disk is not locked. Because the region code matches, the kernel will run the executable from the DVD, which does the following:

# Format the three swap partitions
# Copy XMTAXBOX.XBE from the DVD to the first cache partition and run it

Then the DVD can be ejected and put into the next Xbox.

=== XMTAXBOX.XBE ===

This XMTAXBOX.XBE is an XBE retail-signed for hard disk, also with the region code set to 0x80000000, that does the following:

# Retrieve the EEPROM contents from a network server
# Retrieve the contents of the system and data partitions from a network server
# Lock the hard disk
# Run some self tests and send a report to the server

A new Xbox still contains the file XMTAXBOX.XBE on the first cache partition, as well as some temporary files on the third one.

Xbox kernels since version 4034 have another backdoor that even works if the EEPROM check succeeds: If bit 30 of the media flag of an XBE is set, the condition of the hard disk is ignored as well. This change allows Microsoft to replace broken hard disks without replacing a valid EEPROM on an Xbox sent in for repair. Before this change, they had to rewrite the EEPROM whenever they replaced the drive.

<gallery>
File:Manufacturing30.jpg|Consoles are initialized by setup program.
File:Manufacturing33.jpg|Initialized consoles undergo final integration testing.
File:Manufacturing34.jpg
File:Manufacturing2.jpg
</gallery>

== Packing and shipping ==

<gallery>
File:Manufacturing17.jpg|Styrofoam inserts are prepared.
File:Manufacturing31.jpg|Consoles are packed into boxes.
File:Manufacturing32.jpg|Boxes are sealed...
File:Manufacturing29.jpg|...and loaded on pallets, ready for shipping.
</gallery>

== Videos ==

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iWQb7LGH71s Xbox Factory Tour Video (Sárvár, Hungary; 2002)] - Demonstrates almost the entire assembly process from start to finish (not including case manufacturing).
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_iR0eNuyUKI Flextronics Advertisement] - Contains still photos of the PCB manufacturing and testing processes.

== Further Reading ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617013616/http://www.ifm.eng.cam.ac.uk/ctm/idm/cases/xbox.html Case study - Microsoft Xbox], Innovation and Design Management, University of Cambridge
* O'Brien, J. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617013616/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/9.11/flex_pr.html The making of the Xbox], Wired, Issue 9.11, November 2001
* Shah, J. and Serant, C. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617013616/http://www.ebnonline.com/story/OEG20020311S0076 Microsoft's Xbox sets supply chain standard], EBN Online, 11 March 2002
* Olavsrud, T. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617013616/http://www.internetnews.com/bus-news/article.php/1129171 Flextronics relocates Xbox manufacturing facility], Internetnews.com, 15 May 2002
* Penz, B. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617013616/http://www.amcham.hu/BusinessHungary/16-06/articles/16-06_27.asp Game Over? Xbox production heads east], Business Hungary, Vol 16 No 6, June 2002
* Carbone, J. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617013616/http://manufacturing.net/pur/article/CA237778?stt=001&pubdate=08%2F15%2F02 Outsourcing the Xbox], Purchasing Magazine Online, 15 August 2002
* Neilley, R. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617013616/http://www.immnet.com/articles?article=1763 Molding is big man on this campus], PlasticsToday, 1 December 2001

== Credits ==

This article is adapted from [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617013616/http://www.xbox-linux.org/wiki/Xbox_Manufacturing_Process Xbox Manufacturing Process] by Michael Steil. Its content is reproduced here under the [https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/fdl-1.2.en.html GNU Free Documentation License 1.2].

Production line photos are from [https://web.archive.org/web/20100608022830/http://andy.saturn9.ws:80/Photo%20Albums/Xbox%20Manufacturing%20Facility/ Andy Rostad's gallery].

Manufacturing Process

2017-12-29T03:57:41Z

Furon: Add video links

[[File:Manufacturing26.jpg|thumb|Sárvár, Hungary factory]]

The Xbox was manufactured in four locations throughout its lifetime: Guadalajara, Mexico; Sárvár, Hungary; Doumen, China; and Taiwan{{FIXME|reason=City?}}.

== Serial Number ==

[[File:Serial-sticker.jpg|frame|An example of a serial number sticker]]

Every Xbox has a sticker on the bottom with a manufacturing date and a 12-digit serial number. The serial number encodes information about where and when the hardware was manufactured.

Using the pictured serial number as an example:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Line !! Number !! Year !! Week !! Factory
|-
| 1 || 166356 || 2 || 09 || 03
|}

The first field is the factory production line number. The second field is the Xbox's number for the week (for the whole factory, not just the one line). The third field is the last digit of the year. The fourth field is the week of the year. Finally, the fifth field is the factory number. Mexico is 02, Hungary is 03, China is 05, and Taiwan is 06.

So this Xbox was the 166,356th to be manufactured in week 9 of the year 2002 on production line 1 in Sárvár, Hungary.

== Timeline ==

{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" |
! scope="col" | Mexico
! scope="col" | Hungary
! scope="col" | China
|-
! colspan=4 scope="col" | 2001
|-
! scope="row" | October
| colspan=2 | Production of 110V 1.0 Xboxes with Thomson DVD drives begins for USA/Canada.
| style="background:white" |
|-
! colspan=4 scope="col" | 2002
|-
! scope="row" | January
| Production begins for Japan.
| Production switches to 220V 1.0 models for Europe/Australia.
| style="background:white" |
|-
! scope="row" | April
| Production lines 1 and 6 are moved to China. 50% of new units now produced with Philips DVD drives.
|
| {{FIXME|reason=Which markets did China take up production for?}}
|-
! scope="row" | May
|
| Production stops after ~3 million units. All four production lines moved to China.
|
|-
! scope="row" | August
|
| style="background:white" |
| Production of the 220V 1.1 Xbox for Europe/Australia begins, with mostly Philips and sometimes Thomson DVD drives.
|-
! scope="row" | September
|
| style="background:white" |
| Most units now use Samsung DVD drives.
|-
! scope="row" | October
| Remaining four lines switched to version 1.1.
| style="background:white" |
|
|-
! scope="row" | November
|
| style="background:white" |
| Production extended to 110V USA/Canada/Japan models.
|-
! scope="row" | December
| Production ends after ~7 million units.
| style="background:white" |
| First line changes to version 1.2.
|-
! colspan=4 scope="col" | 2003
|-
! scope="row" | February
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| Last line changes to version 1.2.
|-
! scope="row" | March
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| First line changes to version 1.3.
|-
! scope="row" | April
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| Last line changes to version 1.3.
|-
! scope="row" | July
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| First line changes to version 1.4.
|-
! scope="row" | August
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| First line changes to version 1.5.
|-
! colspan=4 scope="col" | 2004 {{FIXME|reason=Need timeline for 1.6 models.}}
|-
! scope="row" | ?
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| ?
|}

== Hardware assembly ==

The Xbox was manufactured just like many other mass-produced electronic products. Printed circuit boards were made in bulk and populated by pick-and-place machines, the plastic case was formed by injection molding, and finally all of the pieces were assembled by hand on production lines.

The overall process didn't vary much between hardware revisions. The only notable change was related to the BIOS ROM. Up until version 1.6, the BIOS was flashed onto a TSOP ROM before being soldered to the motherboard. Revision 1.6 introduced the Xyclops chip, which integrated both the [[System Management Controller]] and the BIOS ROM on a single die. This meant the BIOS had to be flashed by the chip manufacturer instead of on the Xbox production line.

<gallery>
File:Manufacturing19.jpg|Plastic case molding & assembly.
File:Manufacturing18.jpg|Lids
File:Manufacturing9.jpg|Green jewels
File:Manufacturing10.jpg|Green jewels
File:Manufacturing16.jpg|Jewels are dispensed from hoppers.
File:Manufacturing7.jpg|Lid shield is positioned.
File:Manufacturing3.jpg|Lid is placed over shield.
File:Manufacturing5.jpg|Jewel is aligned...
File:Manufacturing4.jpg|...and then applied.
File:Manufacturing6.jpg|The tape is left on to prevent scratches.
File:Manufacturing15.jpg|Shield and drive caddies are installed in the bottom half.
File:Manufacturing20.jpg|Assembled cases are placed on pallets.
File:Manufacturing11.jpg
File:Manufacturing12.jpg
File:Manufacturing13.jpg
File:Manufacturing14.jpg|Cases ready for their electronics.
File:Manufacturing25.jpg|Components arrive in bulk at the assembly line.
File:Manufacturing26.jpg
File:Manufacturing24.jpg|Technicians assemble components.
File:Manufacturing23.jpg
File:Manufacturing22.jpg
File:Manufacturing27.jpg
File:Manufacturing28.jpg
File:Manufacturing21.jpg|Fully assembled consoles are placed on carts, ready for initialization.
</gallery>

== Software initialization ==

When a fully-assembled Xbox reached the end of the production line, it had a:

* valid BIOS image
* blank EEPROM
* blank, unlocked hard disk

To initialize the EEPROM and hard disk in the final stage of production, a technician would insert a DVD containing a setup program. The setup program, named default.xbe just like any other primary Xbox executable, was built by the XDK with the "allow eject" flag set and the region code set to 0x80000000 ("DEBUG").

When the Xbox kernel initializes, it checksums the EEPROM. If it fails, the Xbox will be in DEBUG mode, i.e. the region code is set to 0x80000000. With the region code set to this value, the kernel ignores it if the hard disk is not locked. Because the region code matches, the kernel will run the executable from the DVD, which does the following:

# Format the three swap partitions
# Copy XMTAXBOX.XBE from the DVD to the first cache partition and run it

Then the DVD can be ejected and put into the next Xbox.

=== XMTAXBOX.XBE ===

This XMTAXBOX.XBE is an XBE retail-signed for hard disk, also with the region code set to 0x80000000, that does the following:

# Retrieve the EEPROM contents from a network server
# Retrieve the contents of the system and data partitions from a network server
# Lock the hard disk
# Run some self tests and send a report to the server

A new Xbox still contains the file XMTAXBOX.XBE on the first cache partition, as well as some temporary files on the third one.

Xbox kernels since version 4034 have another backdoor that even works if the EEPROM check succeeds: If bit 30 of the media flag of an XBE is set, the condition of the hard disk is ignored as well. This change allows Microsoft to replace broken hard disks without replacing a valid EEPROM on an Xbox sent in for repair. Before this change, they had to rewrite the EEPROM whenever they replaced the drive.

<gallery>
File:Manufacturing30.jpg|Consoles are initialized by setup program.
File:Manufacturing33.jpg|Initialized consoles undergo final integration testing.
File:Manufacturing34.jpg
File:Manufacturing2.jpg
</gallery>

== Packing and shipping ==

<gallery>
File:Manufacturing17.jpg|Styrofoam inserts are prepared.
File:Manufacturing31.jpg|Consoles are packed into boxes.
File:Manufacturing32.jpg|Boxes are sealed...
File:Manufacturing29.jpg|...and loaded on pallets, ready for shipping.
</gallery>

== External Links ==

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iWQb7LGH71s Xbox Factory Tour Video (Sárvár, Hungary; 2002)] - Demonstrates almost the entire assembly process from start to finish (not including case manufacturing).
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_iR0eNuyUKI Flextronics Advertisement] - Contains still photos of the PCB manufacturing and testing processes.

== Credits ==

This article is adapted from [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617013616/http://www.xbox-linux.org/wiki/Xbox_Manufacturing_Process Xbox Manufacturing Process] by Michael Steil. Its content is reproduced here under the [https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/fdl-1.2.en.html GNU Free Documentation License 1.2].

Production line photos are from [https://web.archive.org/web/20100608022830/http://andy.saturn9.ws:80/Photo%20Albums/Xbox%20Manufacturing%20Facility/ Andy Rostad's gallery].

Main Page

2017-12-29T03:19:04Z

Furon: /* Hardware */

{{:Main Page/Header}}

== Hardware ==

* [[Chihiro]]
* [[Xbox]]

* [[Hardware Revisions]]
* [[Motherboard]]
* [[CPU]]
* [[NV2A]]
** [[NV2A/Vertex attributes]]
** [[NV2A/Fixed Function Pipeline]]
** [[NV2A/Vertex Shader]]
** [[NV2A/Pixel Combiner]]
** [[NV2A/Surface Formats]]
* [[Memory]]
* [[Flash ROM]]
* [[MCPX]]
** [[APU]]
** [[ACI]]
* [[SMBus]]
** [[EEPROM]]
** [[SMC]]
** [[Video Encoder]]
*** [[AV Cables]]
* [[NVNet|Network Controller (NVNet)]]
* [[DVD Drive]]
** [[Xbox Game Disc]]
* [[Hard Drive]]
* [[USB]]
** [[Xbox Input Devices]]
** [[Xbox Memory Unit]]
** [[Xbox Live Communicator]] 
** [[Xbox DVD Movie Playback Kit]]
* [[Power Supply]]
* [[Development Kits]]
** [[Super I/O]]
** [[DVD Emulator]]
* [[Manufacturing Process]]

== System Software ==
* [[MCPX ROM]]
* [[BIOS]] / [[Kernel]]
** [[Boot Process]]
** [[XBE]] (Executable file format)
* [[FATX]] (Filesystem)
* [[Dashboard]]
* [[Exploits]]

== Development Kits and Tools ==
* [https://github.com/xqemu/nxdk nxdk (New Xbox Development Kit)]
* [[OpenXDK]]
* [[Microsoft XDK]]
** [[Xbox Debug Monitor]]
** [[Xbox Neighborhood]]
** [[Kernel_Debug| Xbox Kernel Debugging]]

== Games ==
* [[:Category:Games|Games]]
* [[Engine List]]

== Emulation ==
* [[Emulators]]
** [[XQEMU]]
** [[Xbox 360 Backward Compatibility]]

== Other ==
* [[Network]]
* [[Patents]]
* Find random stuff in [[Resources]]

Manufacturing Process

2017-12-29T03:18:22Z

Furon: Mention Taiwan

[[File:Manufacturing26.jpg|thumb|Sárvár, Hungary factory]]

The Xbox was manufactured in four locations throughout its lifetime: Guadalajara, Mexico; Sárvár, Hungary; Doumen, China; and Taiwan{{FIXME|reason=City?}}.

== Serial Number ==

[[File:Serial-sticker.jpg|frame|An example of a serial number sticker]]

Every Xbox has a sticker on the bottom with a manufacturing date and a 12-digit serial number. The serial number encodes information about where and when the hardware was manufactured.

Using the pictured serial number as an example:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Line !! Number !! Year !! Week !! Factory
|-
| 1 || 166356 || 2 || 09 || 03
|}

The first field is the factory production line number. The second field is the Xbox's number for the week (for the whole factory, not just the one line). The third field is the last digit of the year. The fourth field is the week of the year. Finally, the fifth field is the factory number. Mexico is 02, Hungary is 03, China is 05, and Taiwan is 06.

So this Xbox was the 166,356th to be manufactured in week 9 of the year 2002 on production line 1 in Sárvár, Hungary.

== Timeline ==

{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" |
! scope="col" | Mexico
! scope="col" | Hungary
! scope="col" | China
|-
! colspan=4 scope="col" | 2001
|-
! scope="row" | October
| colspan=2 | Production of 110V 1.0 Xboxes with Thomson DVD drives begins for USA/Canada.
| style="background:white" |
|-
! colspan=4 scope="col" | 2002
|-
! scope="row" | January
| Production begins for Japan.
| Production switches to 220V 1.0 models for Europe/Australia.
| style="background:white" |
|-
! scope="row" | April
| Production lines 1 and 6 are moved to China. 50% of new units now produced with Philips DVD drives.
|
| {{FIXME|reason=Which markets did China take up production for?}}
|-
! scope="row" | May
|
| Production stops after ~3 million units. All four production lines moved to China.
|
|-
! scope="row" | August
|
| style="background:white" |
| Production of the 220V 1.1 Xbox for Europe/Australia begins, with mostly Philips and sometimes Thomson DVD drives.
|-
! scope="row" | September
|
| style="background:white" |
| Most units now use Samsung DVD drives.
|-
! scope="row" | October
| Remaining four lines switched to version 1.1.
| style="background:white" |
|
|-
! scope="row" | November
|
| style="background:white" |
| Production extended to 110V USA/Canada/Japan models.
|-
! scope="row" | December
| Production ends after ~7 million units.
| style="background:white" |
| First line changes to version 1.2.
|-
! colspan=4 scope="col" | 2003
|-
! scope="row" | February
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| Last line changes to version 1.2.
|-
! scope="row" | March
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| First line changes to version 1.3.
|-
! scope="row" | April
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| Last line changes to version 1.3.
|-
! scope="row" | July
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| First line changes to version 1.4.
|-
! scope="row" | August
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| First line changes to version 1.5.
|-
! colspan=4 scope="col" | 2004 {{FIXME|reason=Need timeline for 1.6 models.}}
|-
! scope="row" | ?
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| ?
|}

== Hardware assembly ==

The Xbox was manufactured just like many other mass-produced electronic products. Printed circuit boards were made in bulk and populated by pick-and-place machines, the plastic case was formed by injection molding, and finally all of the pieces were assembled by hand on production lines.

The overall process didn't vary much between hardware revisions. The only notable change was related to the BIOS ROM. Up until version 1.6, the BIOS was flashed onto a TSOP ROM before being soldered to the motherboard. Revision 1.6 introduced the Xyclops chip, which integrated both the [[System Management Controller]] and the BIOS ROM on a single die. This meant the BIOS had to be flashed by the chip manufacturer instead of on the Xbox production line.

<gallery>
File:Manufacturing19.jpg|Plastic case molding & assembly.
File:Manufacturing18.jpg|Lids
File:Manufacturing9.jpg|Green jewels
File:Manufacturing10.jpg|Green jewels
File:Manufacturing16.jpg|Jewels are dispensed from hoppers.
File:Manufacturing7.jpg|Lid shield is positioned.
File:Manufacturing3.jpg|Lid is placed over shield.
File:Manufacturing5.jpg|Jewel is aligned...
File:Manufacturing4.jpg|...and then applied.
File:Manufacturing6.jpg|The tape is left on to prevent scratches.
File:Manufacturing15.jpg|Shield and drive caddies are installed in the bottom half.
File:Manufacturing20.jpg|Assembled cases are placed on pallets.
File:Manufacturing11.jpg
File:Manufacturing12.jpg
File:Manufacturing13.jpg
File:Manufacturing14.jpg|Cases ready for their electronics.
File:Manufacturing25.jpg|Components arrive in bulk at the assembly line.
File:Manufacturing26.jpg
File:Manufacturing24.jpg|Technicians assemble components.
File:Manufacturing23.jpg
File:Manufacturing22.jpg
File:Manufacturing27.jpg
File:Manufacturing28.jpg
File:Manufacturing21.jpg|Fully assembled consoles are placed on carts, ready for initialization.
</gallery>

== Software initialization ==

When a fully-assembled Xbox reached the end of the production line, it had a:

* valid BIOS image
* blank EEPROM
* blank, unlocked hard disk

To initialize the EEPROM and hard disk in the final stage of production, a technician would insert a DVD containing a setup program. The setup program, named default.xbe just like any other primary Xbox executable, was built by the XDK with the "allow eject" flag set and the region code set to 0x80000000 ("DEBUG").

When the Xbox kernel initializes, it checksums the EEPROM. If it fails, the Xbox will be in DEBUG mode, i.e. the region code is set to 0x80000000. With the region code set to this value, the kernel ignores it if the hard disk is not locked. Because the region code matches, the kernel will run the executable from the DVD, which does the following:

# Format the three swap partitions
# Copy XMTAXBOX.XBE from the DVD to the first cache partition and run it

Then the DVD can be ejected and put into the next Xbox.

=== XMTAXBOX.XBE ===

This XMTAXBOX.XBE is an XBE retail-signed for hard disk, also with the region code set to 0x80000000, that does the following:

# Retrieve the EEPROM contents from a network server
# Retrieve the contents of the system and data partitions from a network server
# Lock the hard disk
# Run some self tests and send a report to the server

A new Xbox still contains the file XMTAXBOX.XBE on the first cache partition, as well as some temporary files on the third one.

Xbox kernels since version 4034 have another backdoor that even works if the EEPROM check succeeds: If bit 30 of the media flag of an XBE is set, the condition of the hard disk is ignored as well. This change allows Microsoft to replace broken hard disks without replacing a valid EEPROM on an Xbox sent in for repair. Before this change, they had to rewrite the EEPROM whenever they replaced the drive.

<gallery>
File:Manufacturing30.jpg|Consoles are initialized by setup program.
File:Manufacturing33.jpg|Initialized consoles undergo final integration testing.
File:Manufacturing34.jpg
File:Manufacturing2.jpg
</gallery>

== Packing and shipping ==

<gallery>
File:Manufacturing17.jpg|Styrofoam inserts are prepared.
File:Manufacturing31.jpg|Consoles are packed into boxes.
File:Manufacturing32.jpg|Boxes are sealed...
File:Manufacturing29.jpg|...and loaded on pallets, ready for shipping.
</gallery>

== Credits ==

This article is adapted from [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617013616/http://www.xbox-linux.org/wiki/Xbox_Manufacturing_Process Xbox Manufacturing Process] by Michael Steil. Its content is reproduced here under the [https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/fdl-1.2.en.html GNU Free Documentation License 1.2].

Production line photos are from [https://web.archive.org/web/20100608022830/http://andy.saturn9.ws:80/Photo%20Albums/Xbox%20Manufacturing%20Facility/ Andy Rostad's gallery].

Manufacturing Process

2017-12-29T03:09:13Z

Furon: Add photos

[[File:Manufacturing26.jpg|thumb|Sárvár, Hungary factory]]

The Xbox was manufactured in three countries throughout its lifetime: Guadalajara, Mexico; Sárvár, Hungary; and Doumen, China.

== Serial Number ==

[[File:Serial-sticker.jpg|frame|An example of a serial number sticker]]

Every Xbox has a sticker on the bottom with a manufacturing date and a 12-digit serial number. The serial number encodes information about where and when the hardware was manufactured.

Using the pictured serial number as an example:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Line !! Number !! Year !! Week !! Factory
|-
| 1 || 166356 || 2 || 09 || 03
|}

The first field is the factory production line number. The second field is the Xbox's number for the week (for the whole factory, not just the one line). The third field is the last digit of the year. The fourth field is the week of the year. Finally, the fifth field is the factory number. Mexico is 02, Hungary is 03, and China is 05.

So this Xbox was the 166,356th to be manufactured in week 9 of the year 2002 on production line 1 in Sárvár, Hungary.

== Timeline ==

{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" |
! scope="col" | Mexico
! scope="col" | Hungary
! scope="col" | China
|-
! colspan=4 scope="col" | 2001
|-
! scope="row" | October
| colspan=2 | Production of 110V 1.0 Xboxes with Thomson DVD drives begins for USA/Canada.
| style="background:white" |
|-
! colspan=4 scope="col" | 2002
|-
! scope="row" | January
| Production begins for Japan.
| Production switches to 220V 1.0 models for Europe/Australia.
| style="background:white" |
|-
! scope="row" | April
| Production lines 1 and 6 are moved to China. 50% of new units now produced with Philips DVD drives.
|
| {{FIXME|reason=Which markets did China take up production for?}}
|-
! scope="row" | May
|
| Production stops after ~3 million units. All four production lines moved to China.
|
|-
! scope="row" | August
|
| style="background:white" |
| Production of the 220V 1.1 Xbox for Europe/Australia begins, with mostly Philips and sometimes Thomson DVD drives.
|-
! scope="row" | September
|
| style="background:white" |
| Most units now use Samsung DVD drives.
|-
! scope="row" | October
| Remaining four lines switched to version 1.1.
| style="background:white" |
|
|-
! scope="row" | November
|
| style="background:white" |
| Production extended to 110V USA/Canada/Japan models.
|-
! scope="row" | December
| Production ends after ~7 million units.
| style="background:white" |
| First line changes to version 1.2.
|-
! colspan=4 scope="col" | 2003
|-
! scope="row" | February
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| Last line changes to version 1.2.
|-
! scope="row" | March
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| First line changes to version 1.3.
|-
! scope="row" | April
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| Last line changes to version 1.3.
|-
! scope="row" | July
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| First line changes to version 1.4.
|-
! scope="row" | August
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| First line changes to version 1.5.
|-
! colspan=4 scope="col" | 2004 {{FIXME|reason=Need timeline for 1.6 models.}}
|-
! scope="row" | ?
| style="background:white" |
| style="background:white" |
| ?
|}

== Hardware assembly ==

The Xbox was manufactured just like many other mass-produced electronic products. Printed circuit boards were made in bulk and populated by pick-and-place machines, the plastic case was formed by injection molding, and finally all of the pieces were assembled by hand on production lines.

The overall process didn't vary much between hardware revisions. The only notable change was related to the BIOS ROM. Up until version 1.6, the BIOS was flashed onto a TSOP ROM before being soldered to the motherboard. Revision 1.6 introduced the Xyclops chip, which integrated both the [[System Management Controller]] and the BIOS ROM on a single die. This meant the BIOS had to be flashed by the chip manufacturer instead of on the Xbox production line.

<gallery>
File:Manufacturing19.jpg|Plastic case molding & assembly.
File:Manufacturing18.jpg|Lids
File:Manufacturing9.jpg|Green jewels
File:Manufacturing10.jpg|Green jewels
File:Manufacturing16.jpg|Jewels are dispensed from hoppers.
File:Manufacturing7.jpg|Lid shield is positioned.
File:Manufacturing3.jpg|Lid is placed over shield.
File:Manufacturing5.jpg|Jewel is aligned...
File:Manufacturing4.jpg|...and then applied.
File:Manufacturing6.jpg|The tape is left on to prevent scratches.
File:Manufacturing15.jpg|Shield and drive caddies are installed in the bottom half.
File:Manufacturing20.jpg|Assembled cases are placed on pallets.
File:Manufacturing11.jpg
File:Manufacturing12.jpg
File:Manufacturing13.jpg
File:Manufacturing14.jpg|Cases ready for their electronics.
File:Manufacturing25.jpg|Components arrive in bulk at the assembly line.
File:Manufacturing26.jpg
File:Manufacturing24.jpg|Technicians assemble components.
File:Manufacturing23.jpg
File:Manufacturing22.jpg
File:Manufacturing27.jpg
File:Manufacturing28.jpg
File:Manufacturing21.jpg|Fully assembled consoles are placed on carts, ready for initialization.
</gallery>

== Software initialization ==

When a fully-assembled Xbox reached the end of the production line, it had a:

* valid BIOS image
* blank EEPROM
* blank, unlocked hard disk

To initialize the EEPROM and hard disk in the final stage of production, a technician would insert a DVD containing a setup program. The setup program, named default.xbe just like any other primary Xbox executable, was built by the XDK with the "allow eject" flag set and the region code set to 0x80000000 ("DEBUG").

When the Xbox kernel initializes, it checksums the EEPROM. If it fails, the Xbox will be in DEBUG mode, i.e. the region code is set to 0x80000000. With the region code set to this value, the kernel ignores it if the hard disk is not locked. Because the region code matches, the kernel will run the executable from the DVD, which does the following:

# Format the three swap partitions
# Copy XMTAXBOX.XBE from the DVD to the first cache partition and run it

Then the DVD can be ejected and put into the next Xbox.

=== XMTAXBOX.XBE ===

This XMTAXBOX.XBE is an XBE retail-signed for hard disk, also with the region code set to 0x80000000, that does the following:

# Retrieve the EEPROM contents from a network server
# Retrieve the contents of the system and data partitions from a network server
# Lock the hard disk
# Run some self tests and send a report to the server

A new Xbox still contains the file XMTAXBOX.XBE on the first cache partition, as well as some temporary files on the third one.

Xbox kernels since version 4034 have another backdoor that even works if the EEPROM check succeeds: If bit 30 of the media flag of an XBE is set, the condition of the hard disk is ignored as well. This change allows Microsoft to replace broken hard disks without replacing a valid EEPROM on an Xbox sent in for repair. Before this change, they had to rewrite the EEPROM whenever they replaced the drive.

<gallery>
File:Manufacturing30.jpg|Consoles are initialized by setup program.
File:Manufacturing33.jpg|Initialized consoles undergo final integration testing.
File:Manufacturing34.jpg
File:Manufacturing2.jpg
</gallery>

== Packing and shipping ==

<gallery>
File:Manufacturing17.jpg|Styrofoam inserts are prepared.
File:Manufacturing31.jpg|Consoles are packed into boxes.
File:Manufacturing32.jpg|Boxes are sealed...
File:Manufacturing29.jpg|...and loaded on pallets, ready for shipping.
</gallery>

== Credits ==

This article is adapted from [https://web.archive.org/web/20100617013616/http://www.xbox-linux.org/wiki/Xbox_Manufacturing_Process Xbox Manufacturing Process] by Michael Steil. Its content is reproduced here under the [https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/fdl-1.2.en.html GNU Free Documentation License 1.2].

Production line photos are from [https://web.archive.org/web/20100608022830/http://andy.saturn9.ws:80/Photo%20Albums/Xbox%20Manufacturing%20Facility/ Andy Rostad's gallery].

File:Manufacturing34.jpg

2017-12-29T02:14:53Z

Furon: From [https://web.archive.org/web/20100608022830/http://andy.saturn9.ws:80/Photo%20Albums/Xbox%20Manufacturing%20Facility/ andy.saturn9.ws]